| Date | Country | Change |
| 1937 | Metropolitan Archdiocese of Wien lost territory to Diocese of Brno | |
| 1937 | Titular Episcopal See of Amyclae was suppressed | |
| 1937.01.03 | Diocese of Marquette was established (from the suppressed Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie–Marquette and became suffragan of Milwaukee) | |
| 1937.01.03 | Diocese of Sault Sainte Marie–Marquette was suppressed (to establish Diocese of Marquette) | |
| 1937.01.05 | Diocese of Savannah was renamed as Diocese of Savannah–Atlanta | |
| 1937.02.04 | Apostolic Prefecture of Xining 西寧 was restored (from Apostolic Vicariate of Lanchowfu 蘭州府) | |
| 1937.02.13 | Diocese of Santa Maria lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Porto Alegre | |
| 1937.02.22 | Apostolic Prefecture of Tunxi 屯溪 was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Wuhu 蕪湖) | |
| 1937.02.22 | Apostolic Prefecture of Lolo was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Buta) | |
| 1937.03.09 | Apostolic Prefecture of Bobo-Dioulasso was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Bobo-Dioulasso | |
| 1937.03.09 | Apostolic Prefecture of N’Zérékoré was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Bamako) | |
| 1937.03.25 | Apostolic Vicariate of Abyssinia was suppressed (to Apostolic Vicariate of Eritrea and to establish Apostolic Prefecture of Dessiè, Apostolic Prefecture of Gondar and Apostolic Prefecture of Tigray) | |
| 1937.03.25 | Apostolic Vicariate of Addis Abeba was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Galla) | |
| 1937.03.25 | Apostolic Prefecture of Dessiè was established (from the suppressed Apostolic Vicariate of Abyssinia) | |
| 1937.03.25 | Apostolic Prefecture of Kaffa was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Gimma (lost territory to establish Apostolic Prefecture of Neghelli) | |
| 1937.03.25 | Apostolic Prefecture of Gondar was established (from the suppressed Apostolic Vicariate of Abyssinia) | |
| 1937.03.25 | Apostolic Vicariate of Galla was renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Harar (lost territory to establish Apostolic Vicariate of Addis Abeba and Apostolic Prefecture of Neghelli) | |
| 1937.03.25 | Apostolic Prefecture of Neghelli was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Galla and Apostolic Prefecture of Kaffa) | |
| 1937.03.25 | Apostolic Prefecture of Tigray (Ethiopic Rite) was established (from the suppressed Apostolic Vicariate of Abyssinia) | |
| 1937.04.13 | Mission sui juris of Ilan 依蘭 was renamed as Mission sui juris of Jiamusi 佳木斯 | |
| 1937.04.13 | Apostolic Prefecture of Yanji 延吉 was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Yanji 延吉 | |
| 1937.04.13 | Apostolic Prefecture of Ipamu was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Kasaï Supérieur and Apostolic Vicariate of Kwango) | |
| 1937.04.13 | Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agra lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Delhi and Simla | |
| 1937.04.13 | Mission sui juris of Bezwada was promoted as Diocese of Bezwada (became suffragan of Madras) | |
| 1937.04.13 | Metropolitan Archdiocese of Simla was renamed as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Delhi and Simla (gained territory from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agra) | |
| 1937.04.13 | Apostolic Prefecture of Makassar was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Celebes) | |
| 1937.04.13 | Apostolic Vicariate of Celebes was renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Manado (lost territory to establish Apostolic Prefecture of Makassar) | |
| 1937.04.13 | Apostolic Prefecture of Umtata was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Umtata | |
| 1937.04.13 | Apostolic Prefecture of Kwoszu was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Taiku 대구) | |
| 1937.04.13 | Apostolic Prefecture of Zenshu was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Taiku 대구) | |
| 1937.04.13 | Apostolic Vicariate of Central Oceania was renamed as Apostolic Vicariate of Tonga Islands | |
| 1937.04.13 | Apostolic Prefecture of Bulawayo was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Bulawayo | |
| 1937.05.08 | Diocese of Liepāja was established (from Archdiocese of Riga and became suffragan of Riga) | |
| 1937.05.08 | Archdiocese of Riga was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Riga (with suffragan see Liepāja and lost territory to establish Diocese of Liepāja) | |
| 1937.05.18 | Apostolic Prefecture of Guide 歸德 was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Guide 歸德 | |
| 1937.05.18 | Apostolic Prefecture of Lindong 林東 was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Sipingjie 四平街) | |
| 1937.05.18 | Apostolic Prefecture of Chuzhou 處州 was renamed as Apostolic Prefecture of Lishui 麗水 | |
| 1937.05.18 | Apostolic Prefecture of Zhangdian 張店 was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Zhoucun 周村 | |
| 1937.05.18 | Apostolic Prefecture of Sokodé was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Togo) | |
| 1937.05.22 | Diocese of Detroit was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Detroit (with suffragan sees Grand Rapids, Lansing and Marquette and lost territory to establish Diocese of Lansing) | |
| 1937.05.22 | Diocese of Lansing was established (from Diocese of Detroit and became suffragan of Detroit) | |
| 1937.06.01 | Mission sui juris of Cuttack was promoted as Diocese of Cuttack (became suffragan of Madras) | |
| 1937.06.05 | Diocese of Nocera Umbra–Gualdo Tadino lost territory to Diocese of Foligno | |
| 1937.06.17 | Apostolic Prefecture of Suixian 隨縣 was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Hankou 漢口) | |
| 1937.06.17 | Apostolic Prefecture of Kyoto 京都 was established (from Diocese of Osaka 大阪 and became suffragan of Tokyo 東京) | |
| 1937.07.01 | Apostolic Prefecture of Xiangtan 湘潭 was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Changsha 長沙) | |
| 1937.07.01 | Apostolic Vicariate of Yizhoufu 沂州府 was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Qingdao 青島) | |
| 1937.07.01 | Diocese of Trivandrum was established (from Diocese of Quilon and became suffragan of Verapoly) | |
| 1937.07.01 | Apostolic Vicariate of Bangweulu lost territory to Apostolic Vicariate of Lwangwa | |
| 1937.07.01 | Apostolic Prefecture of Broken Hill lost territory to Apostolic Vicariate of Lwangwa | |
| 1937.07.01 | Apostolic Prefecture of Fort Jameson was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Nyassa and Mission sui juris of Lwangwa) | |
| 1937.07.01 | Mission sui juris of Lwangwa was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Lwangwa (gained territory from Apostolic Vicariate of Bangweulu and Apostolic Prefecture of Broken Hill, lost territory to Apostolic Vicariate of Nyassa and lost territory to establish Apostolic Prefecture of Fort Jameson) | |
| 1937.07.31 | Diocese of Lorena was established (from Diocese of Taubaté and became suffragan of São Paulo) | |
| 1937.08.04 | Abbacy nullius of Saint-Maurice et Saint-Maur de Clervaux was established (from Diocese of Luxembourg) | |
| 1937.09.02 | Diocese of Satu Mare lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Eger and Diocese of Košice | |
| 1937.09.02 | Diocese of Košice lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Eger | |
| 1937.09.26 | Territorial Abbacy of Santa Maria di Grottaferrata (Italo-Albanese Rite) was established | |
| 1937.10.26 | Metropolitan Archdiocese of Monreale lost territory to Diocese of Piana dei Greci | |
| 1937.10.26 | Metropolitan Archdiocese of Palermo lost territory to Diocese of Piana dei Greci | |
| 1937.10.26 | Ordinariate of Silicia (Italo-Albanese Rite) was promoted as Diocese of Piana dei Greci (gained territory from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Monreale and Metropolitan Archdiocese of Palermo and without ecclesiastical province) | |
| 1937.11.09 | Diocese of Yokohama 横浜 was restored (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Tokyo 東京 and became suffragan of Tokyo 東京) | |
| 1937.11.28 | Diocese of Palo was established (from Diocese of Calbayog and became suffragan of Manila) | |
| 1937.12.02 | Apostolic Prefecture of Oubangui Chari was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Oubangui Chari | |
| 1937.12.02 | Mission sui juris of Shiqian 石阡 was promoted as Apostolic Prefecture of Shiqian 石阡 | |
| 1937.12.02 | Apostolic Prefecture of Bondo was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Bondo | |
| 1937.12.09 | Diocese of Camden was established (from Diocese of Trenton) | |
| 1937.12.09 | Diocese of Owensboro was established (from Diocese of Louisville) | |
| 1937.12.09 | Diocese of Paterson was established (from Diocese of Newark) | |
| 1937.12.10 | Diocese of Louisville was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Louisville (with suffragan sees Covington, Nashville and Owensboro) | |
| 1937.12.10 | Diocese of Newark was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Newark (with suffragan sees Camden, Paterson and Trenton) |
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