| Date | Country | Change |
| 1880 | Apostolic Vicariate of Tarapacá was established (from Diocese of Arequipa) | |
| 1880 | Titular Episcopal See of Leontopolis in Bithynia was promoted as Titular Metropolitan See of Leontopolis in Bithynia | |
| 1880 | Titular Episcopal See of Samaria was renamed as Titular Episcopal See of Samaria | |
| 1880 | Titular Metropolitan See of Gangra was restored | |
| 1880 | Titular Episcopal See of Martiria was renamed as Titular Episcopal See of Martyropolis | |
| 1880.01.20 | Diocese of Tarnów lost territory to Diocese of Kraków | |
| 1880.05.25 | Diocese of Tabasco was established (from Diocese of Yucatán and became suffragan of México) | |
| 1880.07.29 | Diocese of Tunja was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santafé en Nueva Granada and became suffragan of Santafé en Nueva Granada) | |
| 1880.08.31 | Apostolic Prefecture of Seychelles was promoted as Apostolic Vicariate of Seychelles | |
| 1880.09.10 | Diocese of Chicago was promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Chicago (with suffragan sees Alton and Peoria) | |
| 1880.09.10 | Diocese of Kansas City was established (from Metropolitan Archdiocese of Saint Louis and became suffragan of Saint Louis) | |
| 1880.09.27 | Apostolic Vicariate of Tanganyika was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Central Africa) | |
| 1880.09.27 | Apostolic Vicariate of Nyanza was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Central Africa) | |
| 1880.09.30 | Apostolic Vicariate of Punjab was established (from Apostolic Vicariate of Agra) |
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